Belgium

Is there a specific enacted legislation regulating AI in your jurisdiction?

Besides the EU AI Act, there is no specific national regulation of AI in Belgium. 

However, consultative bodies have been instituted at the federal level: 

• Federal Government Data Ethics and Artificial Intelligence Advisory Committee: provides scientific advice on the ethical, legal ethical, legal, economic, social and environmental issues relating to AI, robotics and related technologies which are used within the federal administration (Royal Decree of 4 October 2023)
• Artificial Intelligence Steering Committee, which advise the federal government on all other matters relating to relating to artificial intelligence (Royal Decree of 24 May 2024)

Is there a proposed legislation regulating AI in your jurisdiction?

Not yet, although the governance provisions of the EU AI Act will need to be implemented at local level.

Are there any guidelines/ codes of conduct/ recommendations / reports / policies in connection with AI in your jurisdiction?

Yes, the AI Guidelines published by the Belgian Data Protection Authority.

In addition, the Federal Public Service for Strategy and Support (BOSA) has developed in October 2022 a national plan for AI development. But this plan remains broad in scope, outlining only key objectives without delving into specifics. You can see the full plan here.

Any additional relevant news regarding AI / or anticipated future changes (e.g. white papers, policy statements about AI regulation)?

No

Is AI specifically addressed in IP laws? Are there any guidelines / soft laws relating to AI? 

Is AI specifically addressed in data protection laws? Are there any guidelines / soft laws relating to AI?

Yes, incidentally via the concepts of profiling and automated decision-making in the GDPR and Belgian Data Protection Act of 2018.

In addition, the Belgian Data Protection Authority has published AI guidelines (available here in English), and references the EDPB opinion 28/2024 on AI models. 

Who are the competent AI supervisory authorities in your jurisdiction? 

Belgium has not yet designated the competent central authority pursuant to Article 70 of the AI Act.

However, 21 local authorities in charge of the fundamental rights’ protection relating to high risks AI systems have been designated pursuant to Article 77 of the AI Act, see full list here.

Are there any publicly known enforcement actions in relation to AI?

While several decisions of the BDPA involve processing by some AI technology, the main ongoing enforcement action relates to a complaint filed against Deepseek by the consumer association Test-achats before the Belgian Data Protection Authority.

Are there any other sector specific laws or guideline / soft laws (e.g. finance, healthcare etc.) where AI is specifically addressed?

No

*Information is accurate up to 30 April 2025