Slovakia does not have a sophisticated consumer collective action regime.

What is the most common type of collective action you are seeing?

Consumer protection is the most common group action.

What are the various ways a group could bring a collective action?

A group action (e.g. consumer protection) may be commenced by several claimants filing a joint claim, or such claim is filed on behalf of several claimants by a legal entity established for the protection of consumer rights on the base of POA.

If collective actions are permitted, are these opt-in or opt-out actions?

Collective actions as such are not regulated. The group actions that currently exist are based on an opt-in principle.

Does the law currently provide for private collective actions by consumers?

Not specifically aimed at consumers. General Group actions are permitted.

If collective actions are permitted are the usual forms of relief permitted and can punitive damages be claimed?

Punitive actions cannot be claimed.

Are bodies which represent consumers able to bring actions on their behalf? And if yes, can these bodies bring cross-border actions?

Only legal entities established for the protection of consumer rights can bring such claims. Cross-border claims cannot be brought.

Is third party funding of litigation permitted?

Used infrequently.

Is litigation funding permitted for collective actions?

There is no specific law preventing such funding.

Are consumer groups and law firms allowed to advertise the collective actions they are running?

Law firms are only able to advertise in specific circumstances.

Is there a formal mechanism to settle actions on a collective basis?

General rules on settlement will apply and all parties will be bound.

If a trader loses a collective action does the law require the trader to publicise this?

Is there a penalty for non-compliance with a final decision issued in respect of a collective action?

The Collective Redress Directive must be implemented in all EU member states by 25 December 2022. To find out more about the current progress of implementation of the Directive in this jurisdiction click here.